Bullet.



UNITED STATES T OFFICE.

JOHN H. BARLOW, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

BULLET.

Application filed January 22,

To all whom, zit may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN H. BARLOW, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bullets, of which the following is a specification, refer ence being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in bullets, and refers more particularly to bullets having a metal gascheck connected therewith.

It is the object of my invention, among I other things, to produce a bullet of this character at the minimum cost which will effectually prevent the escape of gas while the bullet is within the barrel of the firearm and the gas-check means will leave the bullet after the same has been ejected from the barrel, l and, further, to produce such new and novel results as will be hereinafter more particularly set forth.

To these and other ends my invention con- I sists in the bullet having certain details of j construction and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

eferring to the drawings, in which like i numerals of reference designate like parts in the several figures, Figure 1 is a view of a bullet constructed in accordance with my invention, the gas-check being partially in section. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the gas-check, and Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation thereof upon line A B of Fig. 2. j

The old style of bullet is not adapted for I the modern rifle with its quick twist and the I high-power smokeless powder now generally j used, as the hot gases from the powder will melt or fuse the bullet, thus as-pressure to be reduced, decreases the velocity of the bullet and defleets it from its true and proper course. The lead also has a tendency to adhereor solder itself to the barrel, and if the velocity is greatly increased the soft bullet will not hold onto the rifiing, but will slip or strip-to use an"expression common in the art, will jump the riflingthereby making proper rotation and accuracy impossible. I11 my invention these objections are overcome by j providing a thin hard expansible metal cup, 4 which is temporarily attached to the base of I the bullet, with a peripheral recess adjacent i thereto. l

permitting the which thereby Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 12, 1907. 1906. Serial No 297,099-

In the practice of my invention the bulletbody 1 is provided with a base 2 of reduced diameter and has the usual peripheral recesses 3 therein. The gas-check 4 is preferably constructed of thin rolled metal formed into a cup with a rounded bottom 5 and the inner edge of the open end beveled, as at 6. By reason of this beveled edge the gas-check is readily and concentrically attached to the base of the bullet without cutting or marring the soft metal of which the bullet is composed. The outside diameters of the bullet and gas-check are the same, but they may vary, however, in relation to each other a few thousandths of an inch without impairing the efliciency of the invention. This uniformity of diameters is designed so that the minimum pressure upon the end of the gascheck will expand the outside diameter thereof suflioiently to perform the functions hereinafter described.

'Upon the inside of the shell are a plurality of Wings or teeth 7, that engage the base 2 and hold the shell temporarily and against independent rotation. There are six teeth shown in the drawings,- but the number may be varied indefinitely. These wings or teeth are of further advanta e in reducin the cost of my im roved bullet, because i the cup were smoot i and of but one diameter upon the inside the base of all of the bullets would have to be exactly the same sizea result that is practically impossible of accomplishment with the metal of which the bullet is composed, but, having two separate diametersthat is, the diameter between the inner faces of the wings and the inside diameter of the cup or shellthe diameter of the base can therefore vary between that of the two diameters and the cup can be readily attachcd with. the fingers and may be held sufficiently tight for the purposes required.

The gas-check herein described is preferably made at a single operation to reduce the cost thereof to the minimum and is readily applied by hand.

The bottom of the shell is convexed, as shown at 5, and when applied to the bullet, the base of which has a square end, leaves an open space between said base and the inner face of said. bottom.' (See Fig. 1.)

The bullet, with the gas-check affixed, is placed in the shell in any manner common to the art and then within the firearm. When the piece is fired, pressure of the gas, caused powder, is exerted upon by the ignition of the IIO the convexed bottom of the gas-check t, which pressure flattens the same against the flat base of the bullet and expands slightly the diameter of said gas-check, so that it fits snugly within the bore of the gun, and thus prevents the gas from escaping beyond the base of the bullet. Practice has demonstrated that with this gas-check the gas-pressure is maintained at its maximum pressure l tom of said gas-check, and designed to leave the bullet-body ejected from the diameters of said after the same has been firearm-barrel, the outside gas-check and bullet-body behind the bullet, thereby avoiding any posj being substantially the same.

sibility of fusion or deflection of the bullet. The base of the bullet is also preserved intact and in its original shape, which is also conducive to accuracy in firing.

It is impracticable to bore and cut the rifling in a multiplicity of barrels exactly uniform without varying them from one to two thousandths of an inch from the standard, which variation is immaterial with the use of my improved bullet, as the gas-check will be expanded sufficiently by the flattening of the bottom thereof to take up any such variation, and the metal in the gas-check being harder than that in the bullet insures the bullet traveling within the rifling of the gun-barrel, and thereby preventing its jumping, as above described.

When the bullet leaves the muzzle of the barrel, the airpres'sure that travels through the grooves that-are cut in the sides thereof by the lands in the barrel fills the open space 8 directly in front of the cup 4 and presses against the beveled face 6, which, with the action of the air compressed between the end of the base 2 and the bottom 5, strips the gascheck from the bullet, and the soft-metal bullet continues its flight with accuracy, having the proper twist and with its base perfect and without deformity.

There are minor changes and alterations that can be made within my invention aside from those herein suggested, and I would therefore have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction herein shown and described, but claim all that falls fairly within the spirit and scope of my ink 'vention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A firearm-bullet having a gas-check frictionally held upon the base thereof with a compressible bottom, and provided with means to aid the gas-check in dropping off the bullet after the same has been ejected from the firearm-b arrel.

2. A firearm-bullet having a gas-check frictionally held upon the base thereof with a compressible bottom, and provided with means to aid the gas-check in dropping off the bullet after the same has been ejected from the firearm-barrel, the outside diameters of said gas-checx and bullet being substantially the same.

3. The combination with a firearm bullet 4. A firearm-bullet having a sides of said gas-check gas-check l thereon with longitudinal wings or ribs upon the inside thereof, a compressible bottom and expansible sides, said gas-check being connected with said bullet so as to drop off the same when said bullet has been ejected from the barrel of the firearm, the outside diameters of said gas-check and substantially the same.

5. A firearm-bullet having a base of re duced diameter, in combination with a cupshape gas-check frictionally held upon said base while the same is traveling through the firearm-barrel and dropping off said bullet after the same is ejected from the barrel, the outside diameters of said gas-check and bul let being substantially the same.

6. The combination with a firearn1-bullet body, of an expansible cup-shape gas-check connected therewith, said gas-check having a concaved closed end which is flattened by the force of the explosion and expands the to a diameter greater than the bullet-body, the attachment of said gas-check with said bullet-body being such that the gas-cheek will drop off the bulletbody after the same has been ejected from the firearm-barrel.

' 7. A gas-check for bullets made of metal hard er than the bullet-body and of on shape with a rounded bottom, an inwardly-beveled open end and having a plurality of wings or teeth upon the interior thereof, the outside diameters of said gas-check and bullet-body being substantially the same.

8. The combination with a bullet-body having a base of reduced diameter; of a cupshape gas-check with a rounded bottom placed over said base, and of metal harder than said bulletbody, the outside diameters of said gas-check and stantially the same.

9. The combination with a bullet-body of a gas-check having a plurality of lengthwise teeth upon the surface thereof which is in immediate contact with said bullet-body.

10. The combination with a bullet body having a base of reduced diameter; of a gas check, with a rounded bottom, attached to said base with an open space between the end of said base and the bottom of said gascheck and between the open end of said gascheck and the shoulder of the reduced portion of said base.

11. A gas-check for bullets made of metalbullet-body being bullet-body being subharder than the bullet-body, and of cup shape with a rearwardly-projecting concaved bottom and an inwardly-beveled open end.

12. The combination with a firearm-bullet having a base of reduced diameter; of an independent gas-check provided with a compressible bottom placed over said base having means thereon to aid in stripping the same from said bullet after it has left the firearm-barrel, the outside diameters of said gas-check and bullet being substantially the same.

13. A firearm-bullet having a base of reduced diameter with a cup-shape gas-check on said base, the outside diameter of which is substantially the same as said bullet, said gas-check being formed so that pressure upon the end thereof will expand said gas-check to a diameter slightly larger than said bulletbody.

14. A firearm-bullet having a cup-shape gas-check over the base thereof, with a diameter substantiallythe same as the bullet and shaped so that the sides thereof will be swelled by a compression to a diameteri greater than said bullet.

15. A firearm-bullet having an independ ent cup-shape gas-check over the base thereof with a rearwardly-inclined beveled edge at its open end.

16. A firearm-bullet with a cup-shape gascheck over the base thereof with a diameter substantially the same as said bullet, and shaped so that pressure upon the end thereof will expand the same whereby a portion thereof will act as a resistance-shield and aid in stripping said gas-check from said bullet after the same has been ejected from the firearm-barrel.

17. A firearm-bullet with a cup-shape gascheck over the base thereof with a diameter substantially the same as said bullet, and

j shaped so that pressure upon the end thereof will expand the same, and when so expanded i the front edge thereof will project outside of 2 said bullet and act as a resista'nceshield and j aid in stripping said gas-check from said bullet after the same has been ejected from the firearm-barrel.

18. A firearm-bullet with a cup-shape gascheck over the base thereof with a diameter substantially the same as said bullet, and sha ed so that pressure upon the end thereof 1' wil expand the same, and when so expanded I the front edge thereof will project outside'of said bullet and present a rearwardlydnclined resistance-shield of greater diameter than said bullet, which shield will aid in stripping the said gas-check from said bullet after the salme has been ejected from the firearm-barre 19. The combination with a firearm-bullet; of a cup-shape gas-check frictionally attached thereto, said gas-check having means whereby it may be secured to bullets of slightly-varying diameters.

20. A firearm-bullet with a base of reduced diameter, in combination with a gas-check havinga compressible bottom covering the end of said base, and sides which project forwardly over said base parallel with the axis thereof and terminating at a pointdistant from the shoulder on said bullet formed by said reduced base, the outside diameters of the same, and the parallel portion of said gas-check being ex ansible to a diameter greater than said bu let.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN H. BARLOVV. "Vitnesses:

GEORGE E. HALL, FLORENCE H. MONK.-

said bullet and gas-cheok being substantially 

